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A. A. Attama ¹, O. N. Ndibe ¹, P. O. Nnamani ¹

Affiliations
1 Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, NG

Abstract

This work was aimed at investigating diclofenac-β-cyclodextrin inclusion complexes in aqueous medium. Applying the method of phase solubility analysis, β-cyclodextrin formed a complex in 1:1 stoichiometry with diclofenac. The complex obeyed Beer's law. The stability constant, partition coefficient and solubility values were evaluated. The effect of pH on the stability of the complex was studied. The results indicated an increased aqueous solubility of diclofenac when complexed with β-cyclodextrin. Maximum stability of the complex was at pH value of 4.0. This makes it possible for aqueous oral solution of diclofenac to be formulated.

Keywords

Cyclodextrin, Inclusion Complex, Stability, Diclofenac, Phase Solubility.

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M. U. Adikwu ¹, O. Okorie ², A. A. Attama ¹

Affiliations
1 Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, NG
2 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology & Industrial Pharmacy, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, NG

Abstract

The pharmacodynamic effects of metformin in a mucoadhesive delivery system of detarium gum are presented. The gum compacts alone without the drug showed blood glucose lowering capacity. The combinations showed marked antidiabetic effect in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat models.

Keywords

Pharmacodynamics, Metformin, Detarium Gum, Mucoadhesive.

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A. A. Attama ¹, J. Obi ², O. N. Ugochukwu ², B. E. Onuigbo ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, NG
2 Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG

Abstract

The cytoprotective effect of four formulations (Batch A, Batch B, Batch C and Batch D) of snail mucin and cimetidine were evaluated using three animal (albino rats) models (indomethacin, histamine and stressinduced ulcer models). Results show that the cytoprotective effect of the formulation variables increased with increase in the concentration of snail mucin extract. The negative control which was Tween 85 had no significant effect on the ulcer (p<0.05). This suggests that a combination of snail mucin and cimetidine in drug delivery may have some therapeutic importance and should be properly harnessed.

Keywords

Peptic Ulcer, Snail Mucin, Cimetidine, Cytoprotective, Animal Models.

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M. U. Adikwu ¹, A. A. Attama ², L. Adima ³, F. C. Okafor ³

Affiliations
1 Science and Technology Education Post-Basic, National Commission for Colleges of Education Tower Building, Opposite Akwa-Ibom House, Plot 829 Cadastral Zone A01, Ralph Shodeinde Street, Opposite Akwa Ibom House, Off Ahmadu Bello Way, P.M.B. 0394, Garki, Abuja, NG
2 Deparment of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG
3 Department of Statistics, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG

Abstract

One of the major problems facing the pharmaceutical industry in Nigeria is the issue of raw materials. New pyrodextrins from tacca and gladiolus starches may prove to be cheap and ideal pharmaceutical excipients for use in tablet dosage forms. However, the ability of any pharmaceutical substance to substitute imported products is its ability to compare with properties of such products. In this research, statistical parameters were used to check the properties of newly formulated pyrodextrins from tacca and gladiolus starches. Pyrodextrins derived from two tropical starches: Tacca involucrata (Fam: Taccaceae) and Gladiolus actimorphantus (Fam: Iridaceae) were used for this study. The starches were extracted using standard procedures and subjected to varying temperatures to produce pyrodextrins. The effect of pyrodextrin source, pryodextrin variation and storage temperature on the drug content of paracetamol was statistically evaluated in this study using factorial experiment in randomized complete block design (RCBD). The result of the analysis showed that the sources of the pyrodextrins and the storage temperature had much effect on the drug content of paracetamol whereas the binder concentration had little or no effect on the drug content of paracetamol.

Keywords

Pyrodextrin, Source, Variation, Storage Temperature, Stability, Paracetamol, Statistical Appraisal.

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P. O. Nnamani ¹, M. U. Adikwu ¹, A. A. Attama ¹, O. C. Eze ¹

Affiliations
1 Drug Delivery Research Unit, Department Of Pharmaceutics University Of Nigeria, Nsukka (410 001), Enugu State, NG

Abstract

The suspending properties of the polyelectrolyte complexes (PECs) or co-precipitates from Ogbono gum, (Irvingia gabonensis, variety excels, Fam. Irvingiaceae) and gelatin were carried out. The gum was extracted, co-precipitated with gelatin and used to prepare chalk suspension. Parameters determined were as follows: sedimentation rate, viscosity, pH, redispersibility number and effect of electrolytes on the rheology of the suspension. The result was compared with that of a commercial brand of Mist Magnesium trisilicate (Product X) obtained from Gloria, G Pharmaceuticals, Nigeria Limited. The results of the study credited Irvingia gabonensis gum as being a better suspending agent alone than gelatin. In furtherance, the PECs-containing suspension prepared with 1:4 combination of gelatin and Irvingia gabonensis gum had the best properties in relation to the assessed parameters as being the best viscosity impacting agent with the least redispersibility number which is a marker to its suspension not forming cake upon storage as well as making for easy re-suspension of sedimented particles and ensuring accurate dosing superior to the Product X.

Keywords

Polyelectrolyte Complexes, Irvingia gabonensis, Gelatin, Chalk, Suspension.

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E. B. Onuigbo ¹, V. C. Okore ¹, A. A. Ngene ², C. O. Esimone ³, A. A. Attama ¹

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, 410001, Nsukka, NG
2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, NG
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology and Biotechnology, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, NG

Abstract

Cationic liposomes are the leading drug delivery systems and are gaining increasing importance in gene therapy as an alternative to recombinant viruses. This article is a preliminary work on the characterization and in vitro study of a stearylamine-based cationic liposome. Multilamellar vesicles were prepared using the lipid film hydration technique. Vesicle morphology was evaluated by digital light microscopy. Particle size, zeta potential and polydispersity were determined using photon correlation spectroscopy. Susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus to amoxicillin encapsulated in stearylamine-based cationic liposome was compared to 1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTAP)-based cationic liposome and the marketed drug. The vesicles of the stearylamine based cationic liposome were spherical and concentric with a core. Particle size distribution had a peak at 94 nm, zeta potential was 34 mV and polydispersity was greater than 0.3. The clinical isolate of Staphylococcus aureus was most susceptible to stearylaminecationic liposome with an inhibitory zone diameter (IZD) of 25.00 mm+0.58>DOTAP-based cationic liposome with IZD of 24.67mm+0.67>tablet amoxicillin with IZD of 23.00 mm+0.58.

Keywords

Stearylamine, Cationic Liposome, Vesicles, Amoxicillin, Staphylococcus Aureus.

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